Internal Solitary Waves
نویسندگان
چکیده
The basic theory of internal solitary waves is reviewed, with the main emphasis on applications to the many observations of such waves in shallow coastal seas, fjords, lakes and in the atmospheric boundary layer. Commencing with the equations of motion for an inviscid, incompressible density-stratified fluid, we describe asymptotic reductions to model long-wave equations, including the well-known Korteweg-de Vries equation, and several extensions. These include a variable-coefficient extended Korteweg-de Vries equation which is proposed as an appropriate evolution equation to describe internal solitary waves in environmental situations. Various analytical and numerical solutions will be discussed.
منابع مشابه
Internal Solitary Waves in Lakes – a Closure Problem for Hydrostatic Models
Laboratory experiments and field observations suggest that the degeneration of basin-scale internal standing waves into packets of solitary waves is an important mechanism for the transfer of energy within the internal wavefield in lakes. Since these shorter solitary waves break at the boundaries, this process provides a flux path from the wind to the turbulent benthic boundary layer. However, ...
متن کاملGeneration of internal solitary waves by frontally forced intrusions in geophysical flows
Internal solitary waves are hump-shaped, large-amplitude waves that are physically analogous to surface waves except that they propagate within the fluid, along density steps that typically characterize the layered vertical structure of lakes, oceans and the atmosphere. As do surface waves, internal solitary waves may overturn and break, and the process is thought to provide a globally signific...
متن کاملNumerical study of interfacial solitary waves propagating under an elastic sheet
Steady solitary and generalized solitary waves of a two-fluid problem where the upper layer is under a flexible elastic sheet are considered as a model for internal waves under an ice-covered ocean. The fluid consists of two layers of constant densities, separated by an interface. The elastic sheet resists bending forces and is mathematically described by a fully nonlinear thin shell model. Ful...
متن کاملThe Disintegration (or Not) of the Nonlinear Internal Tide
The objectives are to use a combination of theoretical and numerical models to study the evolution of the internal tide and its possible disintegration into internal solitary waves. A central aspect of this work is to explore the role of rotation in the process. Rotation permits the presence of periodic, nonlinear inertia-gravity waves (i.e., the tide) that can act as attractors and arrest the ...
متن کاملInternal solitary waves in a variable medium
In both the ocean and the atmosphere, the interaction of a density stratified flow with topography can generate large-amplitude, horizontally propagating internal solitary waves. Often these waves are observed in regions where the waveguide properties vary in the direction of propagation. In this article we consider nonlinear evolution equations of the Kortewegde Vries type, with variable coeff...
متن کاملCombined Effect of Rotation and Topography on Shoaling Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves
Internal solitary waves commonly observed in the coastal ocean are oftenmodeled by a nonlinear evolution equation of the Korteweg–de Vries type. Because these waves often propagate for long distances over several inertial periods, the effect of Earth’s background rotation is potentially significant. The relevant extension of the Kortweg–de Vries is then the Ostrovsky equation, which for interna...
متن کامل